Make this my home page
More buttons
Best of the Day
Page
Michelin moves the motor to the tyre
Video
Second Glance
Blog
BME ModBlog - Tattoos, piercing, scarification and body modification
Game
Afro Samurai - Two Headband Trailer
Art
Waterfigures
Cool tools
Hot links
Everything you need to know about microscopic water bears
News for nerds
For lovers of the Green Fairy
Stories and art from Australia's Yolgnu people
Australia's best science fiction author
Did the earth just move?
Don't discount journalism
Novelist and comic book legend's homepage
Searchable history of the internet
Exposing systematic torture in Iran
Museum of science fiction, utopia and extraordinary journeys
The real story of christianity
Image bookmarking
Developing tech to get the internet to its full potential
Free Culture, Open Government, Liberty
Blinded By The Light

JOHN AUGUST is a longtime member of the Sydney Outdoor Lighting Improvement Society (SOLIS), a group fond of the stars above, who see urban light pollution as a health and security concern.

Light pollution (LP) means we see fewer stars - we're losing the faintest star of the Southern Cross. Citysiders are denied what country people take for granted. The National Trust of Australia NSW classified the day and night sky as a heritage item - announced at the 150th birthday of Sydney Observatory. Some seek to recognise Chile's night sky as a UNESCO world heritage site.

Light affects our sleep, and can cause headaches other health problems. Sunlight gives us vitamin D; we need both dark and light. Darkness means we make melatonin; less melatonin and related hormones have been linked to breast and colo-rectal cancer. Industrialised countries have a rate of breast cancer five times greater than less developed countries. Night shift workers have a 30-60% greater prevalence.

But it's not just distributed light - residents at Ian Bruce's block in Sydney can't open their windows out night without being flooded with light from nearby billboards. Ian's had a protracted battle with Sydney Council, partly because councils changed along the way. Quite apart from a lethargic council, it shows how badly advertising is regulated.

LP affects animals - migrating birds collide with buildings and turtle hatchlings go towards the shore. In Australia, lights interfere with the bogong moth's flight, and the Mountain Pygmy Possum has less of them to eat. Then there's nocturnal animals in city bushland corridors.

The skyglow makes stars harder to see. See the graph below (from original calculations by Melbourne LP activist Dr Barry Clark). Higher magnitude stars are dimmer - with increasing light pollution, you can only see brighter (lower magnitude) stars.

limiting-magnitudes2

But light escaping from the earth doesn't brighten the sky - it's the light reflected back by particles and the air itself. Clouds make it even worse. Member Ken Cooke tells me he can "read the paper at night when it's cloudy". The stars aren't visible - but health and wildlife are still affected.

Free market proponents claim increased wealth means less pollution. Yes, air pollution and photochemical smog have declined. The Man did something right - credit where its due. But we do not escape light pollution with increasing wealth - economic growth has its costs.

Shopping centres tend to have wasteful can have very wasteful light - see Ken Cooke's photos of Strathfield Plaza. It seems every architect wants to light up their building like a Christmas tree. No-one else has thought of that? "Innovation Place" in Sydney is is supposedly a "green" building, and is way overlit. Green? Eh?

This contrasts with the Sydney Queen Victoria Building. Regardless of light pollution, subtle lighting develops contrasts and enhances its majestic structure. Some buildings get it right. It would be even better if office buildings turned their lights off at night.

Dr. Nick Lomb, Curator of Astronomer at Sydney Observatory and SOLIS member says "People aren't taking care with lighting of buildings and structures. If the light is directed downwards to where it is needed, everyone wins". Billboards are a major source of LP. Lit from below, they spray light straight into the sky. They're lit from above around the airport - why can't they all be that way? I see billboard advertising as wasteful, more manipulative than informational - and perhaps a safety hazard to boot.

Certainly, Dr. Lomb sees problems with shore lighting : "This is a risk factor in nighttime maritime accidents - there's been a recent increase - bright lights on the shore reduce visibility and in particular the contrast of navigation lights." 

Security? Yes, people need to get around. But we need only the equivalent of a moonlit night. Too much light creates shadows to hide in - which you could otherwise see into. Light means you can see the criminal - but they can, too. Turning lights off can even reduce vandalism. Of course, if you need to walk through, you need enough light to see where you are going. Crime is frequently opportunistic and brief. It's not enough to be potentially visible - the crime itself must be seen. Further, lighting doesn't eliminate crime - it just moves it around.

In Melbourne, Barry Clark estimates 4 million dollars has been spent on "improvements" - stations are like daytime. But according to The Age, crime has increased - no figures show a reduction. In the nightclub precinct, assaults increased from 308 to 2064 in the last financial year; robberies from 117 to 414. Murders and sexual assaults increased by 5 to 15 and 117 to 414 respectively.

An Institute of Criminology Professor said something like: "everyone knows that crime happens at night when it's dark so why not light up the area? ". Well ... if there was a reduction - other effects seem to overwhelm it, suggesting we should focus elsewhere to reduce crime. And the improved lighting might even create increased crime.

We'll leave the closing words to Dr. Lomb : "Light Pollution Control is the official policy of the Victorian ALP, but there's been no worthwhile legislation. Neither the Government nor EPA are concerned about Light pollution - it would be great if they took it on like noise and other pollution. It's difficult to contain it through our own piecemeal action. It's hardly what the night sky deserves."

Top picture of Sydney Harbour Bridge by Ken Cooke. To visit the SOLIS website click View button below.

View the pageGo back to previous pageLeave some feedbackPrint this pageEmail link to friendsBookmark in del.icio.usAdd to Stumble ThisAdd to your favourite bookmarksDigg this article

Tags

 

Related Stories

   
Next
Palestinian - Israeli peace-making can only deliver if Palestinians are united, but the current Annapolis "peace process" was launched first of all as a blueprint for perpetuating the inter- Palestinian divide.

Commitment or non-commitment to what the Quartet of the US, EU, UN and Russian mediators in Middle East peace - making described as the "Annapolis Process" in a statement they released after their meeting in the Egyptian Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on November 8 has become the terms of reference to make or break the Palestinian unity of ranks, which has so far failed the Egyptian mediation efforts, the latest in a series of national, Arab and non-Arab similar reconciliation endeavors.

The Annapolis conference, which was hosted by the United States in Meryland on November 27, 2007 and attended by all members of the League of Arab States, convened with much fanfare and re-launched the Palestinian - Israeli negotiations after a seven - year interruption since the collapse of the trilateral Camp David summit with the U.S. in 2000.

In Annapolis, Arab leaders and the Palestinian presidency were lured by a promise of a Palestinian state by the end of 2008 and a wider Arab - Israeli peace process, mainly on the Syrian track thereafter, to coexist with the inter-Palestinian divide between the PLO - led West Bank and the Hamas - led Gaza Strip and to grudgingly hide their bitter resentment of the U.S. - Israeli threat of siege, which had aborted Qatari, UAE, Saudi, Egyptian, Yemeni and other Arab and non - Arab mediation efforts to unify Palestinian ranks.

The Annapolis plan to implement the first stage of the 2003 Road Map for a Palestinian - Israeli political settlement has built on two pillars, the first a Palestinian - Israeli security coordination that is solely and directly monitored by three senior U.S. generals, namely James Jones, William Fraser and Keith Dayton, and the second pillar is inter - Palestinian divide between the PLO in Ramallah and Hamas in Gaza.

However, the failure of the "Annapolis process" could be better proved by the unmet deadline of 2008 and the un-honored promise of a Palestinian state, but the two pillars nonetheless survived the failure of Annapolis so far to perpetuate and exacerbate the Palestinian rift, with the security coordination raising accusations by Hamas of PLO collaboration with Israel and the divide developing into what threatens to become a permanent separation between the West Bank and Gaza.

There remain too at the core of the Annapolis process and at the heart of the Palestinian divide the three Israeli - U.S. "good conduct" preconditions that qualify Palestinians to be partners to peace negotiations as well as to evade military siege, economic blockade and diplomatic isolation, namely to unilaterally renounce violence without any guarantees of Israeli reciprocity, recognize the existence of the state of Israel without any Israeli reciprocal recognition of the state of Palestine, and commitment to the accords signed by the PLO with Israel regardless of Israeli reciprocal respect thereto.

Israel's lack of reciprocity has come recently under spotlight by the refusal of the U.S. State Department to publish a report by its Middle East security envoy General James Jones on Palestinian - Israeli security, which the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, quoted by AFP on November 26, described in August as "an extremely critical report of Israel's policies" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip."

It is now public knowledge that the Palestinian partner to the Annapolis process, represented by the President Mahmoud Abbas - led Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the autonomous Palestinian Authority (PA), are wholeheartedly committed thereto irrespective of any Israeli reciprocity. The emergency meeting of the Arab foreign ministers in Cairo on November 26 concluded similarly committal, encouraged beforehand to let go the undelivered promises of the Annapolis conference by indications floated by both the Israeli President Shimon Peres and the U.S. President - elect Barak Obama's team of their willingness to deal with the collective Arab peace initiative.

Hamas is consequently left in the cold to fend off a Palestinian and Arab diplomatic isolation as much as to survive the Israeli ongoing economic blockade and military siege, "hopefully" to gradually be finished off or alternatively to surrender to those same three preconditions to which its Palestinian rival had subscribed to as early as the Oslo accord was signed with Israel in Washington D.C. in 1993.

More out of presuming the weakness of Hamas than out of feeling a strength in his own position, but stiffening his back with the U.S. and Israeli determination to push hard with their three pre-qualifications, President Abbas feels safe enough to persistently reiterate his commitment to Annapolis and to corner the besieged Islamic movement to either dismantle voluntarily or otherwise being swept away in a way or another, and he is on record as saying that the end of the "black coup d'etat" in Gaza in June 2007 is only a matter of time.

However the end game of the Annapolis process is still far away from being the only game in the town as it is held hostage to Hamas' fate as much as it has cornered Hamas, but meanwhile this process remains the detrimental factor that makes or breaks the unity of Palestinian ranks, as long as both Palestinian protagonists continue to risk it out in their brinkmanship policies.

Nicola Nasser is a veteran Arab journalist in Kuwait, Jordan, UAE and Palestine. He is based in Ramallah, West Bank of the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories.