Make this my home page
More buttons
Best of the Day
Page

A Green New Deal

Video

Nas - Sly Fox

Blog
Winter Patriot - tyranny is not easily conquered
Game
Mirror's Edge - learn to run
Art
In An Absolut World - vote for your vision of the future
Cool tools
Hot links
Image bookmarking
Developing tech to get the internet to its full potential
Free Culture, Open Government, Liberty
Online Buddhist meditation
Reducing harm from drug use
The community is the brand
Sponsoring lions for World Youth Day
Dissecting the {Subset} Culture
Catching a lift to the heavens
A comprehensive look at the Iraq war
Internet news for the masses
The social music revolution
A fresh Australian gaming site.
Australia's National Youth Mental Health Foundation
Films and journalism from John Pilger
Cocaine.org

In Search of the Big Bang. Cocaine.org supplies all the information you'll probably ever need about cocaine, in its many variant forms.

Cocaine is an alkaloid found in leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a powerfully reinforcing psychostimulant. The drug induces a sense of exhilaration in the user primarily by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the midbrain.

In pre-Columbian times, the coca leaf was officially reserved for Inca royalty. The natives used coca for mystical, religious, social, nutritional and medicinal purposes. Coqueros exploited its stimulant properties to ward off fatigue and hunger, enhance endurance, and to promote a benign sense of well-being. Coca was initially banned by the Spanish. In 1551 the Bishop of Cuzco outlawed coca use on pain of death because it was "an evil agent of the Devil".

The noted 16th century orthodox Catholic artist Don Diego De Robles declared that "coca is a plant that the devil invented for the total destruction of the natives." But the invaders discovered that without the Incan "gift of the gods", the natives could barely work the fields - or mine gold. So it came to be cultivated even by the Catholic Church. Coca leaves were distributed three or four times a day to the workers during brief rest-breaks.

Returning Spanish conquistadores introduced coca to Europe. Even Shakespeare may have smoked it - and inhaled. The coca plant is perishable and travels poorly. Yet coca was touted as "an elixir of life". In 1814, an editorial in Gentleman's Magazine urged researchers to begin experimentation so that coca could be used as "a substitute for food so that people could live a month, now and then, without eating..."

The active ingredient of the coca plant was first isolated in the West by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855; he named it "Erythroxyline". Albert Niemann described an improved purification process for his PhD; he named it "cocaine".

Sigmund Freud, an early enthusiast, described cocaine as a magical drug. Freud wrote a song of praise in its honour; and he practised extensive self-experimentation. To Sherlock Holmes, cocaine was "so transcendentally stimulating and clarifying to the mind that its secondary action is a matter of small moment". Robert Louis Stephenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde during a six-day cocaine-binge. Intrepid polar adventurer Ernest Shackleton explored Antarctica propelled by tablets of Forced March.

Cocaine was soon sold over-the-counter. Until 1916, one could buy it at Harrods: a kit labelled "A Welcome Present for Friends at the Front" contained cocaine, morphine, syringes and spare needles. Cocaine was widely used in tonics, toothache cures and patent medicines; in coca cigarettes "guaranteed to lift depression"; and in chocolate cocaine tablets. One fast-selling product, Ryno's HayFever and Catarrh Remedy ("for when the nose is stuffed up, red and sore") consisted of 99.9 per cent pure cocaine. Prospective buyers were advised - in the words of pharmaceutical firm Parke-Davis - that cocaine "could make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain".

When combined with alcohol, the cocaine alkaloid yields a further potently reinforcing compound, now known to be cocaethylene. Thus cocaine was a popular ingredient in wines, notably Vin Mariani. Coca wine received endorsement from prime-ministers, royalty and even the Pope. Architect Frédérick-Auguste Bartholdi remarked that if only he had used Vin Mariani earlier in his life, then he would have engineered the Statue of Liberty a few hundred meters higher.

Coca-cola was introduced in 1886 as "a valuable brain-tonic and cure for all nervous afflictions". Coca-cola was promoted as a temperance drink "offering the virtues of coca without the vices of alcohol". The new beverage was invigorating and popular. Until 1903, a typical serving contained around 60mg of cocaine. Sold today, it still contains an extract of coca-leaves. The Coca-Cola Company imports eight tons from South America each year. Nowadays the leaves are used only for flavouring since the drug has been removed.

cocaineadvert

For much, much more on cocaine - both positive and negative - click View button below.

View the pageGo back to previous pageLeave some feedbackPrint this pageEmail link to friendsBookmark in del.icio.usAdd to Stumble ThisAdd to your favourite bookmarksDigg this article

Tags

 

Related Stories

   
Next
Republicans are sending around the internet a photo of a cute little boy whose T-shirt reads: “The mess in my pants is nothing compared to the mess Democrats will make of this country if they win Nov. 2nd.” One can only wonder at the insouciance of this message. Are Republicans unaware of the amazing mess the Bush regime has made? It is impossible to imagine a bigger mess. Republicans have us at war in two countries as a result of Republican lies and deceptions, and we might be in two more wars - Iran and Pakistan - by November. We have alienated the entire Muslim world and most of the rest...

Republican deregulation brought about fraud in mortgage lending and dangerous financial instruments which have collapsed the housing market, leaving a million or more homeowners facing foreclosure. The financial system is in disarray and might collapse from insolvency. The trade and budget deficits have exploded. The U.S. trade deficit is larger than the combined trade deficits of every deficit country in the world. The U.S. can no longer finance its wars or its own government and relies on foreign loans to function day to day...

Republicans have run roughshod over the U.S. Constitution, Congress, the courts and civil liberties. Republicans have made it perfectly clear that they believe that our civil liberties make us unsafe - precisely the opposite view of our Founding Fathers. Yet, Republicans regard themselves as the Patriotic Party. The Republicans have violated the Nuremberg prohibitions against war crimes, and they have violated the Geneva Conventions against torture and abuse of prisoners. Republican disregard for human rights ranks with that of history’s great tyrants. The Republicans have put in place the foundation for a police state.

I am confident that the Democrats, too, will make a mess. But can they beat this record? We must get the Republicans totally out of power, or we will have no country left for the Democrats to mess up. [More]

Find out about our Widget

Feedback

9 jul

The HomepageDAILY community likes to co-create both content and process. What are you thinking right now about what we do and how we do it? Tell us about the news, videos and stories and anything else you see on HPD. What you like, what you don't like, what you'd like to see in future. Recommend a website, video or article; send us pix, new stories - share it with us and by so doing you are giving us permission to share it with the world.

Leave Feedback here

            *********************************

Re: Clean Coal? Thinking in Reverse

Brilliant, brilliant, brilliant! My favourite bit was poor old Brendan Nelson standing alone with his 'Save our Post Office' sign - Natasha

            *********************************

Re: Sydney Atheists Welcome Catholic Pilgrims

The stench of delusion has finaly left the building with ill Papa returning to his Roman palace. Maybe now the Australian media will snap out of its PR trance and report on the hypocrisy of Benedict and Pell's recent statements. The youth are owed the truth, not continued lies and brainwashing - Simon

            *********************************

Re: The Amazing Atheist - Fuck the Pope

As an atheist, I appreciate your message, which may inform some ignoramuses - Max

             *********************************

Re: The Michelangelo Code

Celibate = Gay may be simplistic but it seems to be borne out by the evidence. Celibacy is an innately unnatural condition and would only be undertaken by those with something to hide and/or fear of women. I would disagree that Benedict is part of the 'straight' reformer faction, he looks and sounds as bent as the rest. It would be a delicious irony if homosexuality brought down the catholic church - it seems to be doing a good job of destroying the anglicans - Sam

            *********************************

Re: The Sounds of Jupiter

Wow, that was incredible. The universe must be a symphony, if only we could hear it - Carla

            *********************************

Re: Eyes Set to Kill - Reach

I like most of the music on your site but that is heinous. A steaming pile of emo crap - Arthur G

            *********************************

Re: World Youth Day - Behind the Masses

Great video report. Even though that was having fun, I don't know why more serious investigations aren't being done on the bizarre Catholics and their taxpayer funded WYD celebrations. It seems to be a pedophile infused, idol-worshipping cannibal death cult - yet the cult leader is now being projected onto the Sydney Harbour Bridge - Kimble

            *********************************

Re: Coral Reef Meltdown - From Alan Farago

Farago is a great source of insight into the "development" juggernaut that turns wetlands, coastal fringe areas into tract house ghettoes that breed unemployment, crime, human misery and isolation. The same Corporations that created the Qld gold coast started in Florida, then Hawaii and then the community near you. I am always looking for info on coastal development and the real estate cancer that is raping these fragile areas and Allan Farago has been fighting this longer than most and can raise your understanding of its methods - Anthony Innes           

12 jun
5 may
More feedback...
© 2007 homePageDAILY - All rights reserved * Terms of Use * Privacy Policy * Advertising Information * Media Kit * Contact Us